Manual pages contain not only information about commands but also descriptions of some NetBSD features and structures. For example, take a look at the hier 7 man page, which describes in detail the layout of the filesystem used by NetBSD.
Other similar pages are release 7 and pkgsrc 7. C libraries, see intro 3. A subject may appear in more than one section of the manual; to view a specific page, supply the section number as an argument to the man command. For example, time appears in section 1 the time user command and in section 3 the time function of the C library. To see the man page for the time C function, write:. It has a command mode active when first started and an input mode. Its primary advantage is that it will work even without a correct terminal type set.
Before you continue you should know or learn how to open, edit and save files within vi. Make sure to read Chapter 6, Editing. For the first login you will use the root user, which is the only user defined at the end of the installation. At the password prompt type the password for root that you set during the installation. If you didn't set a password, just press Enter. Choose a password that has numbers, digits, and special characters not space as well as from the upper and lower case alphabet.
Do not choose any word in any language. It is common for an intruder to use dictionary attacks. For security reasons, it is bad practice to login as root during regular use and maintenance of the system.
Instead, administrators are encouraged to add a regular user, add the user to the wheel group, then use the su 1 command when root privileges are required. NetBSD offers the useradd 8 utility to create user accounts. For example, to create a new user:. The defaults for the useradd command can be changed; see the useradd 8 man page.
User accounts that can su to root are required to be in the "wheel" group. This can be done when the account is created by specifying a secondary group:. As an alternative, the usermod 8 command can be used to add a user to an existing group:. In case you just created a user but forgot to set a password, you can still do that later using the passwd 1 command.
Shadow passwords are enabled by default. If you do not have a US layout keyboard, you will probably want to change keymaps.
For example, to use an italian keyboard, enter the following command:. See Section 8. The number of minutes west of GMT is calculated automatically and is set in the kern. To display the current setting of the kern. By default, all services are disabled in a fresh NetBSD installation, and ssh 1 is no exception. You may wish to enable it so you can log in to your system remotely. Understanding this file is important. The rc. Define a hostname for your machine use a fully qualified hostname, i.
If you have a standalone machine you can use any name for example, vigor3. If no DHCP is available, the minimum software requirement for a host to be added to a network is a configured interface with an address on the local network. If you provide network information during the NetBSD installation process, the new host can be immediately connected to the network and accessed by its IP number.
The following is a simple example of how to configure networking, assuming that you have one ex network interface and want your IP to be To allow access by hostname as well as by IP number, the new hostname and its IP number are added to the network configuration files. There are a number of ways to manage this;.
Connecting your network which may consist of a single host to another network requires that at least one host acts as a gateway between the two networks. The gateway host has two network interfaces - one configured for each network. A special type of network interface can be created on a serial port with or without a modem attached using pppd 8.
If you are using demand dial ppp and do not wish certain traffic to bring up the link for example xntpd 8 ntp traffic , you can use active-filter in your ppd. A leased line is a fixed point-to-point link.
Setting this up under NetBSD is a very simple process. In some cases the gateway you need to route through may not be on the same subnet as the address assigned to your network interface. For example, if your network interface is fxp0 and given an address of Please refer to the NPF documentation.
This section provides some simple instructions to get your NetBSD systems configured to use Kerberos. For those not familiar with Kerberos, this serves as a basic how-to. For those of you familiar with Kerberos, it may document some differences between NetBSD's Kerberos and the Kerberos on other systems you may have used in the past.
For the purpose of these instructions, let's assume your DNS domain name is "foo. Let's also assume that there are two machines in the foo.
A Kerberos administrative domain is called a realm. A realm can be named anything you like, although the convention is to use the organization's DNS domain name in upper-case letters. So, for your example domain of "foo. An identity in Kerberos is called a principal. Users, hosts, and even individual services on hosts are all principals. The hostname should be the fully-qualified name of the host.
An instance of a Kerberos credential is called a ticket. You can add a partition by selecting an unused slot and setting parameters for that partition. The partition editing screen is shown in Figure 3. After defining the partitions in the new disklabel, the last item is to enter a name for the NetBSD disk as shown in Figure 3. This can be used later to distinguish between disklabels of otherwise identical disks. The installer now has all the data it needs to prepare the disk.
Nothing has been written to the disk at this point but, and now is your last chance to abort the installation process before actually writing data to the disk. After confirming that sysinst should prepare the disk, it will run disklabel 8 to create the NetBSD partition layout and newfs 8 to create the file systems on the disk.
Usually you will choose the default of BIOS console , i. If you run a farm of machines without monitor, it may be more convenient to use a serial console running on one of the serial ports. The menu also allows changing the serial port's baud rate from the default of baud, 8 data bits, no parity and one stopbit. The installer will then ask whether you want to do a full, minimal or custom installation.
NetBSD is broken into a collection of distributions sets. This step is shown in Figure 3. If you choose to do a custom installation, sysinst will allow you to choose which distribution sets to install, as shown in Figure 3. Now sysinst needs to find the NetBSD sets and you must tell it where to find them: it can be the same medium where sysinst resides, or a different one, according to your preferences.
The menu offers several choices, as shown in Figure 3. If the running sysinst itself has been loaded from there, the corresponding device will be automatically selected and the extraction of the distribution sets will begin. This will show the kernel startup messages, including information about not detected or not configured devices. The first USB flash drive is named sd0 when it is correctly configured. If the display scrolls too quickly, you can also use more :. The binary installation sets and the source sets are.
The path is formed as follows:. Source sets are usually not included in the installation images. Specify the device name and the partition. In Figure 3. If you choose to install from a local network or the Internet via FTP, sysinst must be instructed to properly get the distribution sets, as shown in Figure 3. The defaults work most of the time. In the first step, shown in Figure 3. The exact names of your network interfaces depend on the hardware you use.
This list is by no means complete, and NetBSD supports many more network devices. If your network device is not listed in Figure 3. If the desired interface has not been shown, get more information about all the devices found during system boot.
Next, you have a chance to set your network medium. It is unlikely that you will need anything other than the default here. If you experience problems like very slow transfers or timeouts, you may, for example, force different duplex settings for ethernet cards.
The next question, shown in Figure 3. At the end of this procedure, a list of all the settings is shown, as in Figure 3. If no default value is provided, the parameter will be left blank. The name by which other machines can usually address your computer. Not used during installation. This is the name of the domain you are in. You may leave it blank if you are not in a public domain. It will be used as a static IP for your network card. After answering all of your network configuration info, their list is shown as in Figure 3.
You will have a chance to go back and make changes. Now that you have a functional network connection, the menu in Figure 3. Using this installation method requires the ability to set up an NFS server, a topic which is not discussed here. As shown in Figure 3. After the method to obtain the distribution sets has been chosen, and if applicable after those sets have been transferred, they will be extracted into the new NetBSD file system.
A message see Figure 3. A menu with all the available configuration options is shown like in Figure 3. After the configuration of each item, you will get back to this menu, having the chance to select another one. If you have not yet configured Network, you can do it now, following the same procedure already presented in Section 3.
The timezone can also be configured. Then, simply press Return to exit the timezone selection. The next item in Figure 3. The default is the Bourne-compatible Almquist shell , sh 1. Other choices are the Korn shell ksh 1 and the C shell csh 1.
If, upon reading this, you don't have some idea on which shell you prefer, simply use the default, as this is a highly subjective decision. Should you later change your mind, root's shell can always be changed. The root account still does not have a password. It is recommended to set it at this point for security reasons, choosing the related item in Figure 3. When you agree to set a root password, sysinst will run the passwd 1 utility for you.
Please note that the password is not echoed. Usually, the defaults are correct. After the procedure is completed, sysinst will show the command to install further packages. Defaults are usually the best values. A single archive file will be downloaded, for example pkgsrc. In the initial configuration menu Figure 3.
For information about ntpd and ntpdate , refer to Section Finally, the menu in Figure 3.
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